Preparation of hydroxyapatite from eggshell chicken waste by calcination process

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite is stable, has biological activity and is biocompatible; it is also one of the bioactive materials that are commonly utilized in biomedical fields. The objective of this research was to create HAp from the chicken eggshell's waste by utilizing the calcination method. The powder was heated in a furnace to different temperatures of 900 to 1050 °C, and the difference between the temperature and the other was 50 °C for 2 hours at a heating rate of 10 °C/min, then the powder was slowly cooled. After the process of calcination is over. The results demonstrated the creation of a portion of HAp via the presence of peaks that corresponded to a strong band (OH) at 3643 cm-1, 3435 cm-1 (OH-) that refers to the hydroxyl group, and phosphate groups (PO43) appeared at 960 cm-1 in the Fourier transform infrared spectrum.. In calcined sample hydroxyapatite found at an angle of 32° with an angle of 29.3 in the waste sample in X-ray diffraction. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the formation of pores and smooth surface appeared, and the EDX analysis showed the existence the oxygen and calcium only, this indicates that the decarbonation reaction occurred, and at 1000°C the results shown that, the existence of phosphorus, oxygen, and calcium and this refers the formation of hydroxyapatite. In general, the results observed that the calcination process is not enough to prepare pure hydroxyapatite from chicken eggshells.